How did life change for african americans in the 12 years following the civil war ?

African Americans were now emancipated which means that they were free.

only those in the rebelling states were emancipated. Most African Americans found it hard to find jobs and would have to stay working for their owners with very minimum pay.

Explanation:

the indians crossed artificial boundaries, setting the stage for conflict

hello!

according to the passage the most suitable options are two. the first one is "by leading the aef to victory in several key battles" like the battle of saint- mihiel and the battle of cantigny mentioned in the passage you copied here. the second one is "by the aef and allied forces defeat germany" since the passage says that his army destroy the german resistance in the meuse- argonne offensive. and also, "by insisting that the aef operate as an independent force".

hope this