Select the belief or philosophy this excerpt from 1887 best supports.
“in bestowing charity, the main consideration should be to those who will
themselves; to provide part of the means by which those who desire to
improve may do so; to give those who desire to rise the aids by which they may
rise; to assist, but rarely or never to do all. neither the individual nor the race is
improved by almsgiving. those worthy of assistance, except in rare cases,
seldom require assistance. the really valuable men of the race never do, except
in cases of accident or sudden he is the only true reformer who is as
careful and as anxious not to aid the unworthy as he is to aid the worthy, and,
perhaps, even more so, for in almsgiving more injury is probably done by
rewarding vice than by relieving virtue. "
a
populism
b
social darwinism
nativism
d
naturalism