To the peoples of the ancient world, the characteristic manifestations of civilization—government, literature, science, and art—were necessarily products of: a. rural lifeb. city lifec. religious lifed. nomadic life

B. City life

Explanation:

Western civilization has its roots from Ancient Greece, where many fundamentals of Western culture, such as a government system based on democracy, as well as philosophical, scientific, and mathematical theories saw their origin. Such intellectual developments were typical of city life, as intellectuals located in metropolis, whereas rural life was destinated to agriculture, cattle production, and more.  

c]extended voting rights to african americans