1. describe the process that led the first people to come to the americas.
2. how did agriculture, specifically corn cultivation, shape the early americas?
3. compare and contrast the life of the incas and aztecs to the life of the native peoples in north america.
what are some of the "indirect" reasons for european exploration of the new world?
how and why does the practice of european slavery start with the portuguese exploration of africa?
6. how does the renaissance create a spirit of exploration in europe?
7. describe the columbian exchange, and be sure to explain what is transmitted from the old world to the
new world as well as the new world to the old world.
8. how did the treaty of tordesillas benefit the spanish? what conquistadores explored the new world,
and what areas did they claim for spain?
9. how was cortés able to conquer the aztecs?
10. how did the conquering of mexico by cortés change the culture of the area?
11. describe the response of the native pueblos to the creation of spanish missions in new mexico.
12. why did the spanish establish settlements in texas?
13. describe the spanish presence in california.
14. using the last two paragraphs of the chapter, describe the overall impact of the spanish on the new
world.

pacal the great: the throne was passed on to pacal through a female; as a result, he believed that he must legitimize his claim to the throne to add stability to his reign.

as a result, the daughter of ac kan's brother ruled until her son, pacal, reached an age old enough to assume the throne.

pacal the great became the king of the mayan city of palenque in a different way than most mayan kings.

pacal pointed out that ac kan had succeeded his mother as ruler, thereby establishing a precedent for the rule to pass through a female.  

he tried to justify that the way he gained the throne by connecting his mother with the divine mother and the mythological events that happened during the creation of the world.  

typically, the son of a male mayan ruler inherited the throne, but in 612 ce, king ac kan died and did not leave behind a male heir.

montezuma 1: even so, these wars of conquest failed to provide enough human sacrifices and because of this, he formed a triple alliance with cities in the valley of puebla-tlascala.  

in addition, montezuma realized that his government failed to the aztecs during the famine.

in order to appease him, montezuma increased the number of human sacrifices.

the aztec performed human sacrifices to their god huitzilopotchli because they believed he desired human blood.  

around 1440 ce, montezuma i became the fifth emperor of the aztecs and went on to rule for 28 years.  

soon after he assumed the throne, the aztecs were hit with a series of disasters, namely a plague of locusts, a flood, and a harsh frost  

huayna capac: huayna capac also fought to gain territories north of his empire in what is now ecuador.  

huayna capac significantly extended the inca empire to the south, into what is now argentina and chile.  

in 1493 ce, huayna capac became the eleventh ruler of the inca empire.  

huayna, therefore, wanted to gain his own lands and launched campaigns against tribes to the east and north of the empire.  

the inca empire reached its peak under the rule of huayna capac.

during this time the empire covered a vast territory including parts of present day colombia, peru, argentina, chile, bolivia, and ecuador.

during his reign, huayna heard about bearded men with pale skin that resembled the incan1 god viracocha and took this news as a bad omen.

huayna took this as another bad omen that predicted the destruction of the empire.

panamal canal treaty and iran hostage crisis hope this

sorry ill come back