How are catastrophic events related to changes in geological timelines?
a. they aren't related to changes in the geological timeline because they don't change the overall population dynamics.
b. they define geological periods because scientists use them as reference points for tracking the history of the earth.
c. they aren't related to changes in the geological timeline because the timeline is dictated by temperature cycles.
d. they cause significant changes that disrupt the equilibrium of the earth and lead to natural separation points.

The correct answer is D) They cause significant changes that disrupt the equilibrium of the earth and lead to natural separation points.

The catastrophic events related to changes in geological timelines cause significant changes that disrupt the equilibrium of the earth and lead to natural separation points.

Historians and scientists use catastrophic events because they mark the end of an era and the beginning of a new epoch in the history of humanity. Earthquakes and floods, even meteorites, have changed the face of the Earth and its inhabitants, in most of the case the animal life on the planet. We are referring to the extinction of the dinosaurs, or glaciers melt that covered many sites, and other kinds of catastrophes that science used them as a natural separation point.  

executive, (president and about 5,000,000 workers) legislative (senate and house of representatives) and judicial (supreme court and lower courts)

explanation:

the doctrine of nullification recommended that states living inside the union have the one-sided, inalienable ideal to void any law made by the national government that could be esteemed illegal.

the united states was shaped based on a general agreement among its individual states. hence, it is inferred that under the hypothesis of invalidation, since the states are the establishment of the union, they have the ability to referee and disprove unlawful laws.