Poll taxes and literacy tests were established to limit the voting rights of poor white southerners. people in border states. african american men. african american women.

Hey there!

Poll taxes were where you had to pay a tax if you wanted to vote. Usually this amount was around $1 or $2 which doesn't seem like a lot now, but a hundred years ago it was worth a lot more than that. Many African-Americans and poor white voters could not afford the tax. There were also other policies that gave a lot of white voters free passes to not have to pay the tax.

Another issue was the literacy tests. In the 19th and 20th centuries, being illiterate was a lot more common than it is nowadays. The illiteracy rate of African-Americans was over twice the illiteracy rate of whites, so by refusing the right to vote to someone who couldn't read it targeted African-Americans a lot worse than whites.

So although these two also affected whites, their purpose were to limit the voting rights of African-Americans. Poll taxes and literacy tests were established to limit the voting rights of African American men.

Hope this helps!

African American men.

Explanation:

Poll taxes and literacy tests were established to limit the voting rights of African American men.

At the time, many people were against people with a different skin color. Therefore, they would discriminate against them.

answer; (a) he was a u.s senator for 38 years;

i think the answer is b.