In gomillion v. lightfoot (1960), the supreme court ruled the gerrymanders were not constitutional.

The racial gerrymanders is the answer.  The Supreme Court ruled that the new boundaries were aimed at excluding African Americans from voting.  It violated the Fourteenth Amendment and the Equal Protection Clause by moving an entire population of Blacks out of the district.

a plantation economy is an economy based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few commodity crops grown on large farms called plantations. plantation economies rely on the export of cash crops as a source of income.

i hope this : )