Which of the following is an example of a president acting despite the constitutional authority of congress to act on the matter at hand?

these presidents have used a line-item veto over several decades to save millions of dollars without asking the permission of congress first.
these presidents have sent troops to resolve conflicts overseas without waiting for the congress to declare an official act of war first.
these presidents have broadcast the state of the union address over radio and television instead of presenting it to congress first.
these presidents have demonstrated an increasing use of issue congruence without congress approving these measures first.

These presidents have sent troops to resolve conflicts overseas without waiting for the Congress to declare an official act of war first.

Explanation:

The president can only declare war on another country with congressional authorization. To do so without this endorsement is considered a liability crime under national law - and this type of crime can lead to impeachment.

Under the law the president cannot "declare" war, send topas abroad except in cases of foreign invasion or aggression, or make peace without authorization from the National Congress. From this we can conclude that presidents can send troops to resolve conflicts abroad without waiting for Congress to first declare an official act of war, that is, they can only send troops on a peace mission.

d. it adversely affected american productivity

c) they were beaten and fired from their jobs.