In what respect did the various religious fundamentalists of the twentieth century express hostility to global modernity

The scientific and secular focus of global modernity directly challenged the core beliefs of supernatural religion. Religious traditions of class, family & gender that had long been sanctified by religious tradition were upset by capitalism, industrialization, and globalization. Global economy challenged nation-states associated with religions. Usually came from foreigners (Westerners) in the forms of military defeat, colonial rule, economic dependency, and cultural intrusion. Fundamentalism was the religious response as rejection to modernity; it fought with religious right.

your answer would be (b)

one central belief of buddhism is often referred to as reincarnation -- the concept that people are reborn after dying. buddhism is a philosophy of life expounded by gautama buddha ("buddha" means "enlightened one"), who lived and taught in northern india in the 6th century b.c.