How did nationalism impact large empires during the 19th century?
a.) it allowed businesses to industrialize production more quickly than ever before.
b.) it convinced leaders to take more formal control over a country's colonies.
c.) it countries demonstrate their military control over conquered territories.
d.) it led groups within empires to fight for their political independence.

I choose letter D.) It led groups within empires to fight for their political independence. Many countries experienced a sense of nationalism where movements sprang out and demanded reforms from the old establishment.  Many of these movements would later overthrow the old order and bring changes in the system of government.

4 copper and gold, the california gold rush is why im pretty sure.

i think the answer is the one about environmental and social health.

hope this