What does realism mean in a time of discovery and rediscovery

Realism was a technique used in both art and literature by the French in the early 1850s. The nation had just finished the 1548 revolution and realism became known as an early effect of the times of discovery. To put it frankly, the discovery of this type of thinking influenced the country as a whole.  

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lincoln declared that slavery should not be allowed to spread into the new states, and of course this angered the south at the time.

the answer is c. many americans held nativist or racist views