How did john calhoun react to the tariff of 1828

John Calhoun reacted to the tariff in an aggressive manner. He later pinned down South Carolina Exposition and Protest in order to nullify the tariff.

Explanation:

The tariff which the vice president John Calhoun sought to nullify stated that the tax would be used to increased the living standard of the south. In order to stop the exploitation, he penned down the doctrine of nullification.

Even though South Carolina was the only state who invoked the nullification, later on South Carolina was forced to compromise on the treaty.

your answer is

to dominate europe

and i know for a fact it can't be the others

during the ming dynasty