18. why were some of the spectators called “groundlings”?

The "groundlings" were the spectators that couldn't afford to be in the theater, so instead they'd be standing in "The Pit" or "The Yard", below the stage. The groundlings were the poorest people, such as apprentices, who could not afford to pay for seats, so they stood in the pit in front of the stage.

first industrial revolution - the first wave of the industrial revolution lasted from the late 1700s to the mid-1800s. it industrialized the manufacture of textiles and began the move of production from homes to factories. steam power and the cotton gin played an important role in this period.