How did the new mining towns enforce laws and keep the peace

Two words: vigilante justice.

Mining Towns were relatively lawless places, as property rights were fluid.

Vigilante groups enforced what was seen as the majority will, often the moneyed will, often at the expense of Asian and Mexican prospectors.

president jefferson protested this interference in american trade. he sent james monroe to london to negotiate a treaty. jefferson wanted britain to stop taking sailors from american ships, and to stop interfering in the trade of neutral nations. monroe tried many times to discuss such an agreement. but the british foreign minister was always too busy to see him.

explanation:

warfare was the primary means of cultural transmission in both regions.