In state court, a losing party can appeal a case if a jury is unable to make a decision. a judge disagrees with a jury’s decision. a precedent does not exist. a higher court agrees to hear it.\

a higher court agrees to hear it.

Explanation:

A judge cannot simply put his will over the jury's decision. He can only throw out the sentence if the sentence is guilty. In the case of the jury not reaching a decision, it becomes a mistrial and mistrials might be appealed.

In a Federal OR State system, you can appeal a loss if "a higher court agrees to hear it."

There is no magic trick to it other than there being a good reason to appeal and not waste the appeals court time.

whose power in the senate is equal to the power of the speaker of the house?

julius caesar turned the roman republic into the roman empire by coming in and taking the "dictator" role during the time of a civil war (elites vs lower classes) winning battles and reputation, then declaring him dictator for life

hope this : )