During the late 1800s in poland and russia, anti-semitism took the form of violent attacks called . these attacks forced many jews to flee to western europe. nonetheless, some jews continued to survive in eastern europe in small villages called .

During the late 1800s in Poland and Russia, anti-Semitism took the form of violent attacks called Pogrom.

These attacks forced many Jews to flee to western Europe. Nonetheless, some Jews continued to survive in eastern Europe in small villages called  Shtetlekh.

Pogrom is a Russian word which means to wreak havoc or to demolish violently. Historically, the term refers to violent attacks by local non-Jewish populations on Jews in the Russian Empire and in other countries.

Shtetlekh were small towns with large Jewish populations, which existed in Central and Eastern Europe before the Holocaust.