"the pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing, have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger. these acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. but they have failed. our country is strong. a great people has been moved to defend a great nation. terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of america. these actions shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of american resolve."
- president george w. bush, september 11, 2001

what event was president bush referring? what happened on that day? name one international action and one domestic action, the u. s took in response to these events.

President Bush was referring to the terrorist attack to the World Trade Center twin towers on 09/11/2001, in which 4 airplanes filled with civilian passengers kidnapped by a total of 19 terrorists were intentionally led to collide with strategically important commercial and governmental buildings.

The first 2 planes were led to hit each of the twin towers, which caused them to fully collapse 2 hours after the impact. The third hit the Pentagon, and the forth was unsuccessful due to an attempt of retaking control by passengers and crew members. It was on its way to Washington DC when it fell at an open field close to Shanksville, Pennsylvania.

None of the passengers on board of the planes survived, and the total deaths count reaches close to 3000, among which citizens of more than 70 different nations.

The attacks were claimed by the terrorist islamic organization Al-Qaeda led and found by the infamous terrorist Osama bin Laden, at the time. The US immediate international course of action was the launch of the War on Terror (a.k.a. Global War on Terrorism) started by an invasion to Afganistan, in order to take down the Taliban (group that was harboring the Al-Qaeda terrorists in the country). Along with the war, the US approved the USA Patriot Act, as a domestic act, which allows the government, among other things, to intercept  phone calls and e-mails between organizations and people (american or foreign) with suspicion to be somehow related to terrorism, without any need of Justice approval. Many other great nations also reinforced their antiterrorist legislation and expanded the law reach towards the matter.

the use of email to replace slower surface mail.

thurgood marshall

explanation: in 1954, thurgood marshall and a team of naacp attorneys won brown v. board of education of topeka, kansas. in this landmark decision, the supreme court held that segregation in public education violated the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment.