The first large-scale empires resulted from all of the following except

Urban growth.

Explanation:

Earlier empires acquired new territories by force, or the threat of it, and they displayed and created many innovations in military techniques and weaponry . Improvements in agricultural production made the colonization of new territories and the feeding of large armies much easier. The first empires developed highly advanced bureaucratic systems, which represented a major evolution of government process es. The spread of a universal language across empires made government administration and intra-empire communication and trade much more fluid. However, ancient empires usually were agricultural, and while power was concentrated in an urban capital, urban growth was a consequence and not a cause behind the first large-scale empires.

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