Through exercise of their intellec­tual energy, the athenians crafted a culture that emphasized a balanced lifestyle between:
wisdom and exercise
civic responsibility and personal development
military readiness and "the good life"
all of the above

The correct answer is - civic responsibility and personal development.

The Athenians were well known for their passion and obsession for learning. They were learning for most of their life, developing their brains and constantly upgrading them. That led to a society where the people, in general, were very wise and knowledgeable in multiple things, like politics, economics, diplomacy, philosophy, astronomy... This way of lifestyle resulted in the Athenians being able to make an excellent balance between their civic responsibilities and contribute to the society, as well as their personal development and their individual prospering.

c. troops marched forward in close formation against newer, more accurate weapons

i believe your answer is d)