Talking about the universal declaration of human rights are some of the obstacles to enforcing and realizing these articles? what are the benefits of an international agreement to address the issue(s)?

Since you did not mentioned the issue, the benefits of an international agreement :

- Creating a wider choices of solutions to address the issue since many countries with different resources involved in it

- Making the solutions easier to regulate since the members now binded by written agreement

Thomas edison created the light bulb.