How did the industrial revolution lead to social and economic changes in europe?

It is impossible to provide an all-encompassing answer to this question due to the magnitude of the subject. The industrial Revolution is considered by most historians as the most important event in human history since the passage from nomadic societies to sedentary ones with the adoption of sedentary agriculture.

Indeed, the economic changes were completely unprecedented in the course of human history. Thanks to technology, the growth of production output as well as the increase of demand and offer dwarfed any other previous economic boom in the history of humanity.  The steam machines, the iron production, the machine created textiles, the machine tools that replace human handy work spurred economic growth beyond the wildest dreams of capitalists. The economy transformed from a predominantly agrarian model to a predominantly industrial one. The growth of population was so exponential that the textile industry was the main industry during the industrial revolution. This population growth stirred many other industrial sectors such as chemical production, cement production, gas lighting, glass making, industrial paper production, mining, agriculture.

Transportation was exponentially developed since a vast network of railroads, roads, maritime routes, canals and other forms of transportation were developed in order to be able to allow raw materials and manufactured goods and supplies to move quickly to the areas where they were required for production or commerce.

The social changes were not as positive. The factory system enslaved men, women and children and made them victims of inhumane working conditions, starvation wages and all kinds of abuses. Sweatshops were the norm. Sanitation conditions were disastrous since the huge influx of workers from the countryside to the cities made it very hard to quickly build appropriate water sewage and distribution infrastructures,  causing many diseases and a great deal of pollution. These workers lived in overcrowded tenements with no privacy, sanitation or even heating. Although food production increased, population increased so fast and speculation was so rampant that food prices actually increased.

Social positive effect included a better water supply that was now steam-powered. An increase in literacy since the invention of paper machines allowed for printing of many more books at lower prices.

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currancy

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