What was one major cause of independence movements in latin american colonies in the 19th century?

C. Spain lost control over its colonies after being conquered by France.

That's what I got for APEX

no, to many things have came in to factor

necessary and proper clause. the congress shall have power to all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states, or in any department or officer thereof.