Defectors from east germany were people who
a. chose to spend their vacations in west germany or france.
b. went to west germany to attend concerts or lectures.
c. traveled to visit relatives who lived in western countries.
d. fled their homes to move permanently to the west.

D.fled their homes to move permanently to the West

Explanation:

Escapees had various motives for attempting to flee East Germany. The vast majority had an essentially economic motive: they wished to improve their living conditions and opportunities in the West. Some fled for political reasons, but many were impelled to leave by specific social and political events

d. fled their homes to move permanently to the West, is the right answer

europe would not recognize the confederacy as an independent nation.