Except for cases involving the president of the united states the supreme court has the final to say all of the cases it hears true or false ?

The Supreme Court has final say over non-Presidential matters, but a amendment that changes the Constitution would be grounds to reevaluate the ruling.

c) troops march forward in close formation against newer, more accurate weapons

the graph shows the spread of railways in the 1800s.

based on the graph, the conclusion that can be drawn about germany is answer d)   by 1880, germany had more rail lines than great britain and russia.