How did the 14th amendment the process of granting former slaves citizenship and the rights that had been previously denied to them?

Although the thirteenth amendment was the one that ordered the end of slavery, the fourteenth is directed to the federal and state public instances, establishing with it the process to legitimize the citizenship of all Americans. Although this amendment can not be invoked for particular cases of invasion of rights of one person by another, it gives access to citizens to go to the state in defense of their rights. The amendment also had the power in its day to overturn all regional laws that might be contradictory.

after the civil war, and with the termination of slavery, the south was faced with a big problem; what was supposed to happen and how they were supposed to deal with the freedom and the rights that black people and freed slaves had gained as a result of the north defeating the south and forcing the end of slavery. first, most, if not all, of the workforce of the south came from slaves and they did not have an option to replace the loss of said workforce. second, particularly in the south, people were convinced that black people were lesser, less intelligent, less capable and less smart than whites. this posed a huge problem for them. also, southerners were faced with another issue; freed slaves now had a say in how their lives would be lived and the right to politically choose the way they would be governed. people in the south did not want to accept this, none of this and this opposition and the conflicts that arose from it, not to mention the afereffects of the war, forced the congress of the time to enact and enforce the reconstruction plans that had been proposed by president andrew johnson.