What effect did the collapse of the western roman empire have on the western europe

Western Europe thrived without the oppressive rule of the Roman Empire. Former Roman lands were divided into several Germanic kingdoms. The Roman Catholic Church declined in power and influence.

option d is correct. corroborated sources of historical evidence   is necessary to validate a claim about an event in history.

historians tend to use written sources, but audio and visual materials as well as artifacts are important objects that supply information to modern historians.

historical sources are usually divided into two categories: primary and secondary sources. depending on the historian's intent, some sources shift their designation. determining what type of sources toimplement, and the level of credibility and reliability of those sources, is a significant step in critical thinking for the historian.

explanation:

the authority to tax.