How did mountains and river make it difficult for one group to control all of europe?

Abird conservation society has a database of every bird spotted by members in the past year. to make this data part of a gis would require tying each sighting to

Aresult of japan’s attack on pearl harbor was? a the us formed a pact with indochina against japan. b the us formed a pact with germany against japan. c thousands of americans died, and the us declared war. d thousands of japanese people died, and japan declared war.

Why caused john quincy adams to write the monroe doctrine?