What new method was used to choose presidential candidates in the 1830s?

The voters did not manage to give an electoral majority to any candidate in 1824,  thus the House of Representatives had to choose a president from among the top three candidates. After a while, there appeared a new method of nominating presidential candidates that involves wider participation but usually left  control in the hands of party leaders.

it would be  

germany had to pay all damages related to the war.

and i think

germany had to take sole responsibility for the war.

the answer is selfishly. hope this !