Who usually administered special church ceremonies, called sacraments

Village priests administered sacraments

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

by 1880, germany had more rail lines than great britain and russia.