Read the following description of an early civilization. what effect would geography likely have had on this civilization? in a sub-polar region, nomadic farmers followed reindeer herds as they migrated seasonally. because of the cold climate and rocky terrain, agriculture was virtually non-existent. the people were almost completely dependent upon the reindeer for food and clothing. a. it would be unable to develop permanent settlements into complex cities. b. it would have no use for the creation of a written language. c. it would not benefit from exchange of information with other cultures. d. it would be in constant self-conflict due to a lack of government infrastructure.

the answer is A. the reindeer migrate seasonally. the people need the reindeer to survive, so wherever the reindeer go, they have to go too. so, they wouldn't be able to build permanent settlements.

the captain of a steam ship naturally chooses the shortest route to his destination. since a sailing ship is usually pushed by winds and currents, its captain must find a route where the wind will probably blow in the right direction. tacking, i.e. using contrary wind to pull (sic) the sails, was always possible but wasted time because of the zigzagging required, and this would significantly delay long voyages. the early european explorers were not only looking for new lands. they also had to discover the pattern of winds and currents that would carry them where they wanted to go. during the age of sail winds and currents determined trade routes and therefore influenced european imperialism and modern political geography. for an outline to the main wind systems see global wind patterns.

pilotage or cabotage, in one sense, is the art of sailing along the coast using known landmarks. navigation, in one sense, is the art of sailing long distances out of sight of land.[1] although the polynesians were able to sail the pacific (with great difficulty) and people regularly sailed north and south across the mediterranean, before the time of columbus nearly all sailing was coastal pilotage

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hello answer is b i hope that helepd.