“new” immigrants in the 1800s tended to be catholic or jewish, but most “old” immigrants were

Old Immigrants were more protestant, examples like the quakers. Unlike the new being primary Jewish and roman catholic.

sorry i really dont know

the section of the chart that represents a point at which a bill needs approval from a majority of people in both chambers to advance is j, as this is the only section before the bill becomes law which has both rows (symbolizing the chambers) converging into one, meaning that the two parts of the congress have to approve of it before it can march on with the process.