The end of the "cattle kingdoms" and the open range was caused by all of these except a) the civil war. b) fenced property. c) government regulations. d) the invention of barbed wire.

The end of the "cattle kingdoms" and the open range was caused by all of these except the civil war. Option A is correct.

The Cattle Boom kicked off primary with the Texas longhorn during the time when Spanish settlers in the 1700s brought their cattle to California as well asTexas. After that, the cattle were mixed with English breeds and resulted in the Texas longhorn.

the answer is d trust me

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