What is horizontal integration? a. a system of controlling all the businesses involved in the phases of production b. a system of manipulating stock prices c. a system of shared ownership among different companies d. a system of consolidating many firms in the same business

d. a system of consolidating many firms in the same business

Explanation:

Acquiring additional business activities at the same level of the value chain is called horizontal integration, which is diametrically different from vertical integration.

Horizontal growth can be achieved through internal development or external expansion, which is achieved by purchasing or merging with a company that offers similar products and services. Over time, the company can grow horizontally into unrelated industries.

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