Read the excerpt from the hot zone. she took up a scalpel and slit the monkey's abdomen, making a slow and gentle cut, keeping the blade well away from her gloved fingers. the spleen was puffed up and tough, leathery, like a globe of smoked salami. she did not see any bloody lesions inside this monkey. she had expected that the monkey's interior would be a lake of blood, but no, this monkey looked all right, it had not bled into itself. which strategy would be most in determining the meaning of the word “scalpel”? replacing “scalpel” with the nearby synonym “blade” substituting the word “object” for the word “scalpel” using context clues “away from her gloved fingers” becoming familiar with prefixes, roots, and suffixes

A) replacing “scalpel” with the nearby synonym “blade”

The correct answer is A. Replacing "scalpel" with the nearby synonym "blade"

Explanation:

It is common in almost any type of texts to find unknown words or words you are not familiarized with and in most cases, you will need to infer or determine the meaning of these words to understand the main ideas in a text. This can be done by inferring the meaning from the context which means understanding the words that surround the unknown word and determining the meaning according to this context; using the meaning of the words that compose the words such as prefixes and suffixes to infer the meaning of the whole word or replacing the word with a synonym given in the text.

The type of process used to determine the meaning of the word depends on the knowledge of the reader, the type of word and whether the text provides a synonym of it. In the case of the word "scalpel" from the text the best alternative is to replace it with the synonym provided in the following sentence as "making, a slow and gentle cut, keeping the blade well away from her gloved fingers" explain what a scalpel and its use through details and by providing the word "blade" to replace the word "scalpel" which shows both words mean the same and therefore the reader can just use the second word to understand the meaning of the first one and avoid any other inferring process, also, the meaning of the word "scalpel" is difficult to infer through the context or prefixes /suffixes as this is a short and technical word. Thus, the best way to determining the meaning of the word "scalpel" is by replacing "scalpel" with the nearby synonym "blade".

- "the civil rights movements"

- "following the american civil war and abolition of slavery, the united states entered a period known as reconstruction, during which black americans continued to suffer from disenfranchisement, racial segregation, and economic oppression. beginning in the early 1950's, black americans launched a series of major campaigns of civil resistance, emphasizing the need for nonviolent protests and civil disobedience."

"such as the montgomery bus boycott of 1955-56, a campaign launched by rosa parks against the policy of racial segregation of the public transit system in alabama. “sit-ins” became popular across the american south, particularly in greensboro, north carolina, increase national sentiment."

- "the counterculture movement"

- "counterculture began to develop in the united states following the rise of conformity in american culture during the 1950s. by 1963, youth, particularly those of the white middle class, began rejecting the cultural standards and normality of their parents, opting for progressive attitudes instead. the movement gained momentum as the civil rights movement became increasingly successful and as the u.s. military intervention of vietnam began to take a negative turn."

"hippie counterculture moved further into popular culture following the summer of love in 1967 when thousands of people came together in the haight-ashbury neighborhood of san francisco. along with greenwich village in new york city, haight-ashbury became a hub for the counterculture movement."

during the 20th century, the role of the vice president has evolved into more of an executive branch position. now, the vice president is usually seen as an integral part of a president's administration and presides over the senate only on ceremonial occasions or when a tie-breaking vote may be needed.