Right-wing and left-wing authoritarian political systems developed in opposition to:

The answer is: Liberal Democracies 

These are a form of government based on representative democracy, with elections being held between political parties and rule of law.

Liberal Democracies support human rights, civil liberties and provide universal suffrage.

In opposition to the growth of this political ideology, we can see
Right-wing and left-wing authoritarian political systems arise in the world in the last 100 years, including in Russia and China