What inferior courts are known as the "gatekeeper" of the supreme courts and what is their role?

The correct answer is the Court of Appeals.

These Courts of Appeals are responsible for hearing the appeals from cases from the district courts. The Courts of Appeals, after hearing both sides of the story, are able to determine whether or not the case deserves to be overruled or brought before the Supreme Court. This helps to limit the amount of cases seen by the Supreme Court on a yearly basis.

Starvation, debt, financial downfall.

Bbecause the jim crow laws were made to make voting difficult for african americans