Aoccurs when two powers in a conflict use substitutes instead of fighting eachother directly

A "proxy war" occurs when two powers in a conflict use substitutes instead of fighting each other directly.

A war battled between gatherings or littler nations that each speak to the interests of other bigger powers, and may have help and support from these. Since the mid twentieth century, proxy wars have most generally appeared as states expecting the part of backers to non-state intermediaries, basically utilizing them as fifth column to undermine an enemy power.

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i believe your answer is d)