Which of the following are involved in rna translation? i. mrna ii. trna iii. ribosomes iv. amino acids

All options are involved in the RNA translation process.

Explanation:

Translation occurs in ribosomes, which are situated in the cytoplasm. MRNA is translated into protein by the action of a variety of tRNA molecules, each specific for each amino acid. The nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule is translated into the appropriate amino acid sequence according to genetic code determinations. There are 64 possible nucleotide triplets, of which only 61 encode amino acid production (2 signal the beginning of translation), while 3 triplets correspond to translation termination sequences.

Translation begins with the association of a ribosome, mRNA, and tRNA carrying the amino acid methionine, which bind to the ribosome P site. This tRNA anticodon is UAC and its mRNA codon is AUG. This triplet consists of the boot codon. Another tRNA binds to ribosome at site A.

As the ribosome moves, the sites are taken up by new tRNAs with their corresponding mRNA amino acids, and the amino acid linkages are synthesized until the translation termination signal sequences are found. Translation ends when a finisher codon is found on the same mRNA tape being translated. The codons are UGA, UAA or UAG. Since these codons are unread, they have no effect on translation. Finally, the polypeptide is released from the ribosome, which becomes available to begin the synthesis of another protein.