In the ecological systems approach, circumstances that may affect the child directly or affect other individuals in the microsystem are referred to as part of the a. exosystem. b. macrosystem. c. microsystem. d. ecological system.

A) exosystem. The exosystem involves the interactions that the child does not directly participate in but that do affect the child and his/her microsystem. For example, a child's parent getting fired from his/her job constitute a change in the child's exosystem that can directly affect the child. 

A. Exosystem. Hope this helps you!