The nurse is assessing an adolescent 1 hour after admission for a head injury. the nurse identifies that there have been changes since the baseline assessment, including apnea, bradycardia, and a widening pulse pressure. what is the primary reason for the nurse to notify the physician?

The answer to the question above is this: The changes suggest that the adolescent’s intracranial pressure is increasing. Given that the injury is specifically in the head and the client is experiencing apnea, bradycardia, and a widening pulse pressure, this indicates the the changes in the baseline assessment is a result of increased intracranial pressure. When there is an increase in the ICP, this results in headache and if persists, this would lead to the damage of the brain and the spinal cord. Increased intracranial pressure happens commonly when someone experiences a head injury, such as internal bleeding and swelling, or the presence of a mass in the brain.

Smoking damages the respiratory system by inhalation of a foreign substance, that is absorbed and residue is left behind on our lungs sponge like substance. the gas that is inhaled also increase your blood pressure and dilates your blood vessels. also the process of inhaling and exhaling the smoke it causes irritation to the throat and mouth. smoking can cause lung cancer and other respiratory and circulatory diseases. 

The answer you're looking for is washing your hands. "at this late date, we all expect our doctors to wash their hands before examining us or performing an operation in order to prevent the spread of infection. surprisingly, physicians did not begin to acknowledge the lifesaving power of this simple act until 1847.it was then that dr. semmelweis began exhorting his fellow physicians at the famed vienna general hospital (allgemeines krankenhaus) to wash up before examining women about to deliver babies. his plea was far more than aesthetic; it was a matter of life and death and to prevent a deadly malady known as “childbed” or puerperal (from the latin words for child and parent) fever."