Provide an example of a sport athlete who, in the course of competing, uses all three major energy pathways. Describe the individual demands that elicit the use of the energy pathways, how long the body utilizes each pathway as its main energy source, and why the utilization of all three is necessary for the athlete to compete.

What are your thoughts on nonhuman trials? do you feel that testing should be done on animals? what are the advantages and disadvantages with nonhuman trails?

Poliovirus is an rna virus of the picornavirus group, which uses its rna as mrna. at its 5' end, the rna genome has a viral protein (vpg) instead of a cap. this is followed by anontranslated leader sequence, and then a single long protein-coding region (~7000 nucleotides), followed by a poly-a tail. observations were made that used radioactive amino acid analogues. short period use of the radioactive amino acids result in labeling of only very long proteins, while longer periods of labeling result in several different short polypeptides. what conclusion is most consistent with the results of the radioactive labeling experiment? a) host cell ribosomes only translate the viral code into short polypeptides.b) the rna is only translated into a single long polypeptide, which is then cleaved into shorter ones.c) the rna is translated into short polypeptides, which are subsequently assembled into large ones.d) the large radioactive polypeptides are coded by the host, whereas the short ones are coded for by the virus.

An 80-year-old woman comes to the urgent care clinic with dyspnoea on exertion. on physical examination, her blood pressure is 100/70, and her pulse is 75. she has no pulsus paradoxus. her jugular veins are distended, and she has distant heart sounds. in addition, she has extra third and fourth heart sounds. her liver is enlarged, and she has pedal oedema. she has occasional premature ventricular contractions on her electrocardiogram. a chest x-ray reveals clear lung fields with a dilated cardiac silhouette. her echocardiogram reveals ventricular walls with a "speckled pattern". which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? - alcoholic cardiomyopathy- amyloidosis- haemochromatosis- tuberculosis- viral myocarditis