Smoking reduces the surfactant layer in the alveoli. This would cause which of the following to occur

answer;

no:

a diagnostic thoracoscopy is always included in the surgical vats

explanation;

vats means video assisted thoracic surgery.

thoracoscopy is an endoscopical procedure completed on the lungs to visualize pleura, lungs and mediastinum using an endoscope

one thing to note is that a surgical thoracoscopy always includes a diagnostic thoracoscopy.

the diagnostic thoracoscopy codes are differentiated by the site and type of procedure performed.