A patient has been diagnosed with Horner’s syndrome, a disorder that is due to damage of sympathetic nerves that travel to the eye. It occurs unilaterally and results in extreme pupil constriction and reduced sweating on the affected side. The young resident who diagnosed the condition is an autonomics freak and is eager to determine if it is the pre-ganglionic nerve or the post-ganglionic nerve that is damaged. For his determination, he injects acetylcholine, which caused sweating on the affected side, but he sees no change in pupil size. He then injects norepinephrine and the pupil dilates, but no sweating occurs.

Is the pre-synaptic or the post-synaptic neuron damaged?

Have a friend or family member complete the questionnaire. make a prediction about that person’s wellness and justify your prediction using two or more complete sentences.

Using a muscle's full range of motion will result in which of the following? a. muscle imbalance b. increased strength to the entire muscle c. the muscle not being strengthened d. reduced joint flexibility

The parents of a 9-year-old girl bring their daughter to the ed. for the last 12 hours, the child has suffered severe nausea and vomiting, as well as diarrhoea and abdominal cramps. further discussion with the child indicates that she suffers from blurred vision and headache. the parents originally were worried about bringing the child to the ed because they feared deportation since the family are illegal immigrants employed to pick strawberries on a nearby farm. on direct questionning, the parents admit that the child was assisting with spraying crops with pesticides the previous day. none of the family members was wearing any protecting clothing. her bp is 88/48 mmhg, pulse is 90/min, rr 33/min, temp 38 c. the child appears sweaty and confused. auscultation of the lungs reveals a diffuse wheeze bilaterally. pupils are miotic and the child has diffuse muscle weakness. which of the following interventions is the most appropriate treatment? - atropine- charcoal- glucagon- naloxone- exposure: consider organophosphate poisoning, which inhibits cholinesterase and results in accumulation of ach in both muscarinic and nicotinic sites. pralidoxime activates achatropine competes with ach only at muscarinic receptors, but will not reverse nicotinic effectscharcoal = gastric decontaminationglucagon = reverse beta-blocker overdosenaloxone = reverse effects of opioids