Pain should be assessed regularly in all newborn infants. If the infant is displaying physiologic or behavioral cues indicating pain, measures should be taken to manage the pain. Examples of nonpharmacologic pain management techniques include:.
a. Swaddling.
b. Nonnutritive sucking.
c. Skin-to-skin contact with the mother.
d. Sucrose.
e. Acetaminophen.

A- swaddling

B- non-nutritive sucking

C - skin-to-skin contact with the mother

D- sucrose

Explanation:Swaddling decreases the physiologic reaction to pain. Non-nutritive sucking which is carried out by using a replica of the mother to facilitate sucking for a few minutes during the infant is in pain. Skin-to-skin contact with the mother is also used to reduce pain in infants, mostly done when the infant is wearing a napkin and then placed on the mother’s unclothed chest. Sucrose can be utilized when carrying out small interfering techniques in infants because it has a quieting impact that minimizes the behavioral cues indicating pain.

Swaddling, Nonnutritive Sucking , skin to skin contact with the mother and sucrose

Explanation:

Swaddling, Nonnutritive Sucking , skin to skin contact with the mother and sucrose are nonpharmacologic pain management techniques which should be used when a baby or new born infant is having a severe pain on any part of their body by displaying physiologic or behavioral cues indicating pain.

loris malaguzzi was the founder of reggio emilia’s educational philosophy and together with the comune and many local administrators he participated in the birth and building of reggio emilia’s network of municipal preschools (3-6) and infant-toddler centres (0-3).