The predictability of an association between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus (US) facilitates an organism's ability to expect or anticipate the occurrence of the US. This fact is MOST likely to be highlighted by a perspective.

Cognitive.

Explanation:

Learning may be defined as the process to acquire knowledge and grab new things. The individual may learn new things from the experiences and some inherited by their parents.

The cognitive perspective of learning mainly depends upon the experience and the senses of the individual.  The cognitive ability of an individual determines the association between the different stimulus and depends on the organisms use that stimulus or not.  

Thus, the answer is cognitive.

planning. planning comes before.

this would and i think the answer is d