Functions of the kidneys include all but one of the following. identify the
a) regulation of extracellular fluid volume
b) maintenance of ion balance in body fluids
c) regulation of blood protein levels
d) regulation of blood osmolarity
e) homeostatic regulation of blood ph

C) regulation of blood protein levels

Explanation:

They are part of the urinary system that includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidneys are a pair of fist-sized, bean-shaped organs that are located in the back of the abdominal cavity just above the waist.

The right kidney rests exactly below the liver and the left one below the diaphragm and next to the spleen, the right kidney being slightly lower than the left one.

The kidney of an adult measures approximately: length: 13 cm; width: 8cm; thickness: 3 cm, weighing about 150 grams each.

The human body removes approximately 1.4 liters of water a day through urine, as well as various chemicals known as degradation or waste products. Therefore, the kidneys fulfill an essential function for life: they eliminate toxins from the body. In order to carry out this task, all the body's blood must continually pass through the kidneys in order to be filtered, purified. The amount of urine produced depends on the volume of fluid each individual drinks and the sweat generated. In addition the kidneys secrete hormones (erythropoietin), which are released into the blood and stimulate the formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Electrolytes are also expelled with urine; This is why the kidneys play an important role in the regulation of acid-base balance. There are certain substances that must be excreted by the body through the urine in order to avoid excessive concentration in the body. Among these are two important substances when making a diagnosis of renal function, creatinine and urea.

The kidneys have the following functions:

- Maintain the balance of liquids and electrolytes

- Control blood pressure, regulating vollemia through water content, and influencing the diameter of blood vessels

- Regulate acid-base balance

- Remove toxic substances from the body

- Influence the formation of red blood cells (erythrocytes)

- Regulate bone metabolism

- Important functions in vitamin D metabolism

i say that the answer is 'd'