Sympathetic activation inhibits duodenal gland activity. thus, the duodenal lining is unprepared for the arrival of chyme. from the choices below, what could cause this sympathetic response and what could be the consequences to the digestive system? a. sympathetic activation is a main cause of pancreatitis, during which digestive enzymes leak out and agitate the pancreas.
b. the emotions associated with food are initiated from the cephalic phase, innervating the vagus nerve and resulting in increased production of mucus from the duodenal glands.
c. sympathetic activation caused by the sight of food initiates the early release of enzymes into the digestive tract. the result is faster, more efficient digestion of the approaching chyme.
d. chronic stress could cause sympathetic activation, resulting in peptic ulcers.