Innate immunity and acquired immunity are both . dependent exclusively on cell-mediated responsesb. characteristics of all vertebrate animalsc. dependent on surface secretions from sebaceous and sweat glands, which give the skin an acidic ph that is unfavorable for bacterial colonizationd. dependent on tears, saliva, and mucous secretions that contain lysozyme, an enzyme that digests bacterial cell wallse. based on the trapping of microbes by mucus

The correct answer to the question: Innate immunity and acquired immunity are both:___, would be, B: Characteristic of all vertebrate animals.

Explanation:

All living organisms, independent of their degree of complexity and cellular organization, have mechanisms that protect them from either other organisms, or non-living factors, that can harm them or destroy them. This capacity for defense in living beings of all kinds is normally called immunity, and it is a pretty complex process where not only cells, but also chemical substances play a role. In higher levels of species, like mammals, and in general vertebrates, there are two types of immunity: innate and acquired, or adaptive immunity. While the first one does not always require the presence of cells, but has other mechanisms of response, and definitely does not have memory, adaptive immunity is totally dependent on cell mediation and possesses the capacity of memory. The reason why B would be the answer is that, aside from what was explain regarding the A option, all other options are NOT either common, nor necessary for either, or both, of the immunity response types.