Abuild up of plague on the artery walls is know as

A build up of plague on the artery walls is known as Atherosclerosis

Explanation:

Atherosclerosis occurs when there is a build-up of plaque in the artery walls that carry oxygen from blood to heart and all parts of body. Plaques are cholesterol, fat and calcium induced substance. As the time goes by, these plaques became hard and narrow the arteries.

This results in blocking pathway for the flow of blood to the heart and body parts. It can cause stroke or heart attack.  It gives birth to artery involved diseases like- Carotid artery, Peripheral artery, kidney diseases etc.