According to sigmund freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through

The use of reinforcement and punishment

Explanation:

Sigmund Freud believed that behavior and personality were defined by the constant clash between different levels of awareness in the mind: the preconscious, conscious, and unconscious, each one deeper than the other, usually compared to an iceberg, in which the unconscious mind is the deepest leve,l and the hardest one to access. Freud tried various methods to access the unconscious mind, like hypnosis, and with a combination of ways created a scientific method called psychoanalysis, however of all the ways he tried, he didn't perceive punishment as a way to access the unconscious mind.

i believe the answer would be 'd'.

hope this !